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Chapter:  INT  |  1  |  2  |  3  |  4  |  5  |  6  |  7  |  8  |  9  |  10  |  11  |  12  |  13 | 14


15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33

 

C H A P T E R  1

FROM POETRY TO

P H I L O S O P H Y

ANCIENT GREECE

 

1. AFRICA 5. LYDIA / TURKEY 9. MACEDONIA
2. EGYPT 6. SPARTA 10. ELEA
3. JERUSALEM 7. DELPHI 11. ROME
4. ATHENS GREECE 8. MILETUS 12. IONIA
    13. MOUNT OLYMPUS

 

PRESENTATION

 

Socrates and his Daimon by Eug่ne Delacroix

 

The ancient Greek daimons or muses were mythological godlike beings that inspired people. The Romans used the term genius. During the Renaissance the concept was changed. A genius was no longer an external source of inspiration; it was an internal quality of a person of great ability. 

 

The Greek poets wrote of gods who oversaw everything. They were responsible for the order, and disorder, of the world. Socrates believed there were essences for everything

 

 

HESIOD:

 

Gustave Moreau, Hesiod and the Muse

 

 

Hesiod's epic poems the Theogony and the Works and Days are the first attempts to explain the creation of the world. According to Hesiod, in the beginning there was Chaos, a great void, or nothingness. Out of the void emerged Gaia (Earth), Eros (Love), and the Abyss (Tartarus). Gaia gave birth to Oranos (Sky) - who fertilized her, and so the Titans were born. There were six males: Cronus, Coeus, Crius, Hyperion, Iapetus, and Oceanus. There were also six females: Rhea, Mnemosyne, Phoebe, Theia, Themis, and Tethys. Later the Cyclopes were born.

Cronus castrated his father, and his sister/wife Rhea ruled over the Gods.
Cronos feared that his children would betray him as he betrayed his father, so he ate them.

 

Rhea gave birth to Zeus, hid him, and gave a stone wrapped in a blanket for Cronus to eat. Zeus grew up, and drugged his father. This caused Cronos to vomit up his children. Zeus and his siblings imprisoned Cronos and the Titans in Tartarus. This is how Zeus came to rule over the Gods.

 

 

 

 

HOMER (550-478BCE)

 

 

Homer was an ancient Greek poet. He wrote the Iliad and the Odyssey.  These are the oldest known Greek literary sources. They  focus on the Trojan War.


 

HOMER'S VIRTUES:

Success, Honor, Power, Wealth, Moderation, and Security

 

 

MASLOW'S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS

 

 

 SELF
 ACTUALIZATION -

 

morality, creativity, spontaneity, problem solving, lack of prejudice, acceptance of facts
 ESTEEM - self-esteem, confidence, achievement, respect of others, respect by others
 LOVE - friendship, family, sexual intimacy
 SAFETY -  Security of: body, job, resources, family, healthy, property, morality
 PHYSIOLOGICAL - breathing, drinking, eating, excreting, sleep, sex, and homeostasis

 

QUESTIONS:

Is the order ethnocentric?

Is the hierarchy arbitrary?

Can we create a hierarchy for Homer's Virtues.

 

 

The Oracle of Delphi

 

FATE

 

 

 

 

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