Chapter:
INT |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5
|
6
|
7
|
8 |
9 |
10 |
11 |
12 |
13
ELEMENTS OF MUSIC
STUDY
GUIDES:
TEST 1
|
TEST 2
|
TEST 3
STUDY GUIDE TO TEST TWO
WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW
See
the
study guide
for how to study.
IMPORTANT!!!
Always play the game
before taking any test.
Who Wants to Get an A?
MUSIC:
Types of Music:
p 120-121
Concerto - a
musical composition for an instrumental soloist and
orchestra.
Fugue - a
musical composition that starts with an unaccompanied melody
or theme, and weaves that theme throughout the composition
in different layers and voices.
Mass – sacred
choral composition.
Cantata – A
choral work with one or more soloists and an ensemble.
The basic elements of music
are: sound, rhythm, melody, harmony, tonality, and texture.
Pitch, dynamics, timbre, and
duration are all properties of sound.
Timbre or tone
color - a sound’s distinct quality.
Beat, meter, and
tempo are all elements of rhythm.
Melody - a
succession of notes.
Harmony -
multiple notes played at once.
Close, thick, or
tight texture - when notes are played close together.
Open or thin
texture – when notes are played far apart.
Consonant –
pleasing sounds
Dissonant
–
unpleasing sounds
OPERA: p129
Grand opera - is
serious and tragic.
Opera comique -
has spoken dialogue.
Opera buffa - is
comic opera.
Overture -
orchestral introduction.
THEATRE
A plot consists
of the exposition, complication, and dénouement
Protagonist
-
the main character.
Be Able to Label the Stage
Types:
Verisimilitude
– a play that is realistic, and tells a story as it could
have happened.
CINEMA: p155
The movie camera flashes a series of still frame images onto
the movie screen at a rate of 24 frames per second. The
retina retains the image for 1/10th of a second
after it disappears – creating the illusion of movement. The
book attributed this theory to Ptolemy; it’s called
persistence of vision.
Form cut
- a
scene that cuts to an image of a similar shape.
Montage – cut
from one scene to another to associate ideas.
Camera Angles
and Views:
Long shot – at a
distance.
Full shot –
person just fits in the frame.
Medium shot –
from the knees or waist up.
Close up – face
/ Extreme close up – an eye.
Overhear –
looking straight down
High – angled
down
Eye level
Low – from below
Oblique –
slanted
Objective
viewpoint – nobodies’ perspective
Unreal objective
viewpoint – nonhuman or nonexistent perspective
Subjective
viewpoint – somebody’s perspective
Dissolve
- when
one scene fades in, and another scene fades out.
Cinéma vérité -
a documentary technique of holding the camera by hand, and
using outdoor light.
DANCE
The Choreographer is the
person who composes the dance.
BALLET
Ballet is classical, conventional, formal,
ridged, with rules.
All ballet movements stem from 5 positions –
1-5th position (p 170)
Plie
- Bending the knees and squatting in any of the five
positions. The book says only in first position, but that's
wrong.
Mime and Pantomime
(p174)
Mime: imitating people or animals.
Pantomime: Acting out without words.
MODERN DANCE:
Anti: ballet, tradition, and rules. It’s
free, uninhibited, natural, spontaneous movement. It’s
abstract, incorporates the floor, barefoot, and the mise-en-scene
tends to be simple.
WORLD CONCERT / RITUAL DANCE
The dance of other cultures is world dance, ritual dance,
ethnic dance, or traditional dance. Ritual based dance has
ceremonial meaning.
FOLK DANCE:
1. Traditional dance, music, and costumes –
not original
2. Danced by common people (folk) – not aristocrats
3. It’s a social event that is about customs
and camaraderie.
LITERATURE– (P181)
The point of view is the perspective from
which the story is told. There are three:
1.
First Person Singular – told
from a character’s point of view
2.
Third Person - has two types:
a.
Singular – from a character
that isn’t in the story.
b.
Omniscient – from all the
characters’ perspective, or no characters’ perspective.
Epistolary – a novel told through letters.
POETRY:
(P186)
SOME TYPES OF POETRY
LYRIC
A short poem that is sung.
HAIKU -
A
three lined Japanese poem.
Five Syllables
Seven Syllables
Five Syllables
):(
A still watered pond
A rock that sits by the brook
A mind without thought
NARRATIVE POEMS
Poems that tell a story.
CONCRETE POEMS
Poems
that arrange their words to create a picture. See example:
http://eckovision.files.wordpress.com/2009/03/conspiracy-headache-photo5.jpg
FREE VERSE POETRY:
Modern poetry that is free form like Jazz. It
has no ridged structure, does not necessarily rhyme, sounds
conversational, and improvisational.
IMPORTANT CONCEPTS
POET
- the author of a poem.
SPEAKER
- the “narrator” of a poem.
IMAGERY -
Reading can cause sense perceptions like sights, sounds,
tastes, tactile sensations, and smells.
METAPHOR
A
direct comparison of two unlike things:
Juliet is the Sun, and I am moon.
SIMILE - A comparison of two things using “like, as, or
resembles.”
Juliet is like the Sun, and I resemble the moon.
She’s
like a maze where all the walls continually change. –
Daughters by John Mayer
ONOMATOPOEIA
Words that imitate the sounds they describe.
Examples: Buzz , oink, meow, roar, zip, and
zap.
PERSONIFICATION
Giving anthropomorphic (human) qualities to
an animal or
inanimate
object.
FORM
- the appearance of the words
on the page
LINE
- a line of the poem
STANZA
- a paragraph or group of lines
|
Line: |
As I was
sitting in my chair, |
end |
|
|
Line: |
I knew the
bottom wasn't there, |
rhyme |
Stanza |
|
Line: |
Nor legs nor
back, but I just sat, |
|
|
|
Line: |
Ignoring
little things like that. |
|
|
STANZA TYPES (extra credit)
Couplet - 2 lines
Triplet - 3 lines
Quatrain - 4 lines
Quintet - 5 lines
Sestet - 6 lines
Septet - 7 lines
Octave - 8 lines
STRUCTURE – P194
Lines with the same: number of words,
syllables, accents, rhyme etc.
SOUND STRUCTURE
Four Types:
1.
Rhyme – words that sound alike.
2.
Alliteration – repeating the initial
consonant sound: Peter Piper
picked a peck of pickled
peppers.
FOOT
– a pattern of
stressed (strong) and unstressed (weak) syllables.
TYPES OF FEET
(extra credit)
Trochaic - stressed, unstressed
Dactylic - stressed, unstressed, unstressed
Iambic - unstressed, stressed
Anapestic - unstressed, unstressed, stressed
METER - A repeating pattern of stressed and
unstressed syllables on a line.
TYPES OF METER (extra credit)
Monometer - 1 foot per line
Dimeter - 2 feet
Trimeter - 3 feet
Tetrameter - 4 feet
Pentameter - 5 feet
Hexameter - 6 feet
Heptameter - 7 feet
Octometer - 8 feet
RHYME - Words sound alike because they share the same
ending vowels and consonants.
FLOWER
TOWER
END RHYME - words at the end of lines that rhyme.
"Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?
Thou art more lovely
and more temperate:
Rough winds do shake
the darling buds of May,
And summer's lease
hath all too short a date".
-
Shakespeare
INTERNAL RHYME
Words that rhyme inside a line.
Once upon a midnight dreary,
while I pondered weak and weary.
From The Raven by Edgar Allan Poe
REFRAIN
A sound, word, phrase or line repeated
regularly in a poem. For example President Obama’s speech:
'Yes, We Can Change'
Yes, we can. Yes, we can change. Yes, we can.
… And where we are met with cynicism and doubt and fear and
those who tell us that we can't, we will respond with that
timeless creed that sums up the spirit of the American
people in three simple words -- yes, we can.”
Free Verse Poetry is modern poetry; it’s without inflexible
identifiable patterns, and it’s conversational.
POINTS OF VIEW
Three Types:
1. First Person Singular – a character’s viewpoint
2. Third Person - two types:
a. Singular – a character not in the story.
b. Omniscient – from all the characters’ perspective, or no
characters’ perspective.
